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Statement for COP4Towards malaria reduction without DDTMalaria is a global crisis, which requires effective attention and dedication by the global community to roll it back. Bearing in mind, that malaria can be eradicated without DDT, the Parties to the Stockholm Convention committed to “reducing and ultimately eliminating the use of DDT.”1 To meet this goal, alternative approaches to eradicate malaria need to be implemented.
[IPEN and PAN] fully reiterate their support for the implementation of the Stockholm Convention including the mechanism for exemptions for the use of DDT to allow the implementation of cost effective community based long term solutions. However, [IPEN and PAN] raise concerns, that half a decade after the Stockholm Convention entered into force there has been an increase in the use of DDT while in several countries the use of DDT does not meet the standards set by WHO. This has caused unwarranted problems to the communities. We also note that Article 10 which demands public participation and education has not been complied with by the majority of the Parties to the Convention. Neither have measures to reduce reliance on DDT for malaria control been built into ongoing activities and actions.
We welcome the UNEP/WHO initiative for establishing a global partnership to develop alternatives to DDT. We urge and emphasize the importance of involving civil society organizations in this exercise to ensure that the program addresses the concerns of the public. This is also in the spirit of encouraging community participation in the implementation of the Convention. As such, we call on the GEF through its dedicated Implementing Agency UNEP, to honor positively forthcoming requests to assist NGO communities to support the implementation of the Stockholm Convention.
[IPEN and PAN] are aware that future initiatives need to broaden the approach to implement the Stockholm Convention in a timely manner. Effective approaches include, inter alia:
- Further developing IVM guidelines into Integrated Vector and Disease Management (IVDM) and adjusting them to local needs;
- Carrying out IVDM demonstration projects in Africa including strong involvement of civil society;
- Scaling up IVDM approaches;
- Implementing monitoring and evaluation activities in projects (including bio-monitoring of breast milk as a valuable indicator to determine the status of DDT chemicals body burden) and eco-toxicological outcomes.
- Implementing projects that will enable focalized treatment of malaria victims and reduce reliance on DDT and enable Parties to realize the objectives of the Convention.
International funding mechanisms (like Global Fund, GEF and others) are financing a substantial part of the global initiatives to implement the Stockholm Convention. We encourage the international community to honor their pledges and maintain the flow of funds despite the current financial crisis. In the same vein, we are also raising concerns about the slow, demanding and bureaucratic process of securing GEF funds and about the insufficient involvement of the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria in IVDM approaches to DDT.
While intensive malaria control programs are achieving good results, it is important for Parties and stakeholders to invest in the development and implementation of IVDM including environmental preventive measures and focalized treatment of malaria victims– an approach that has proved to create good results in reducing malaria incidences in various countries.
Parties to the Stockholm Convention must keep their obligation to ‘reduce and ultimately eliminate’ DDT. The 144 governments that have ratified the Stockholm Convention need to achieve its objectives. Future investments and activities must result in a reduction and ultimate elimination of the use of DDT within a defined time frame. A redoubled effort to introduce safer, effective and more sustainable alternatives according to a defined time table is urgently needed.
[IPEN and PAN] are aware that Parties at COP4 will ask for exemptions for DDT production and use. We call for thorough assessment and analysis of actions taken by the Parties, including their due diligence with reference to Part II, paragraph 5b of the Stockholm Convention, before granting such exemptions.
One Party is submitting request for exemption to continue using DDT as an intermediate in the production of dicofol. In a separate paper IPEN has provided an analysis on the flaws in this application. We sincerely plead that this extension should not be granted.
The COP4 will be asked to evaluate the continued use of DDT for disease vector control. [IPEN and PAN] would like the COP to consider in greater details whether the conditions put in place ensure that DDT does not continue to cause global environmental and health concerns. |
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Dar-es-Salaam Statement on DDT Alternative approaches to DDT use for vector control
8th April 2009
Acknowledging that malaria is a global crisis, which needs immediate attention and dedication by the global community to roll it back and that public health programmes and poverty reduction need broad-based sustainable/long-term strategies to address malaria as well as other diseases that are preventable and curable with sufficient resources;
Aware that DDT is a persistent organic pollutant , which is a bio-accumulative pesticide, that causes reproductive health and neuro-developmental disorders, pregnancy wastages and shortened lactation in breast feeding mothers ; whose use is to be eliminated under the Stockholm Convention;
Understanding that many Parties to the Convention facing the enormous burden of malaria have requested for exemption to use DDT for malaria control in the short term and that they are bound to observe the conditions as set out in Annex B, Part II of the Stockholm Convention;
Appreciating the efforts of the global community and their commitment to fight malaria through the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, and the Conference of Parties 3 decision to prepare a business plan to develop and deploy alternative methods, strategies and products to combat malaria as well as the initiative to establish a global partnership to develop alternatives to DDT;
Worried that the use of DDT has escalated threefold since the signing of the Convention in 2001 and that many more countries are planning to re-introduce DDT while the Convention demands that Parties reduce reliance on DDT for vector control and work towards eventual elimination;
Seriously concerned that the use of DDT for IRS is being conducted without strict observance of the WHO guidelines and disposal of DDT in accordance with the Basel Convention guidelines and Stockholm Convention BATs/BEPs and, that strategies for monitoring and evaluation are not built into spraying programs;
Noting that the goal of the Stockholm Convention is to ?protect human health and the environment? , however there is emerging new evidence of environmental and health effects of DDT in newborn children and in male reproductive health disorders due to DDT used in IRS;
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Project activities for PAN Africa and PAN UK
Over the next 12 months (June 2008-May 2009), the project objectives are to:
- Raise awareness of Senegalese consumers, vendors and policy makers on the health and environmental impacts of the use of hazardous pesticides in horticulture produce grown for local markets.
- Work with associations of smallholders in horticulture to develop the basis for a Senegalese consumer labelling scheme for produce grown with reduced or zero pesticide inputs.
- Explore local market options which better reward smallholders growing safe and healthy vegetables and fruit.
- Engage with government and food chain stakeholders to advocate concerted action to reduce hazardous pesticide practice, support trained farmers and promote access to safer food.
Activities
The following activities will take place in Senegal, coordinated by PAN Africa, in close liaison with five smallholder associations described below. The activities will focus on Les Niayes zone, near Dakar, the country’s major horticulture production and in the cities of Dakar and Thies. However, farmer associations in the Senegal River catchment near St Louis, with whom PAN Africa already has contacts, will be invited to take part in the workshops.
The project will focus on six target vegetables: onion, tomato, cabbage, green beans, aubergine and okra. These were selected at the January 2008 workshop because they are important in the Senegalese diet and often grown with heavy use of pesticides under conventional production, posing health risks for consumers when residues remain. There is already experience among some trained farmers in growing these without the use of pesticides, although pest management could be improved.
A. Identify and build a network of IPPM/Organic trained farmers
Make surveys to:
- List all the IPPM and organic producers in Les Niayes zone and identify their current constraints (pest and disease management, distribution and sale of their produce, etc.).
- Identify farmers who received IPPM or organic training but do not apply it and identify the reasons.
- Identify existing IPPM and organic markets or sales outlets in Senegal.
Organise meetings and follow-up discussions to:
- Contact and talk to all the farmer, public and private sector organisations listed for potential collaboration at the final Food & Fairness workshop in January 2008.
- Organise a further workshop to share and discuss the survey results and identify how to collaborate and to work together.
- Make a work plan with farmers, detailing next steps, activities, roles, capacities and responsibilities and timelines for setting up the network and how it will function in 2009.
B. Define criteria for an organic/IPPM label for safe and healthy food
- Conduct a feasibility study on effective pest management without toxic pesticides, related to the six target crops. The study will detail pesticides IPPM farmers may still be applying; what the main pest or disease management problems are for organic and IPPM farmers growing these crops; and the most effective non-chemical methods and their costs. The study will document the main problems (social, economics, marketing) which could constrain the implementation of a labelling system and explore how to solve these problems. The study will detail different options and steps needed to set up a labelling scheme in the Senegalese context and provide recommendations.
- Organise meetings with farmers to discuss and define the criteria and steps for a labelling scheme and consumer confidence guarantee.
- Organise a stakeholder workshop with the farmer associations, project steering committee and others to discuss the results and recommendations of the feasibility study and decide how to proceed.
C. Raise consumer awareness and influence policy makers
- Produce and disseminate simple, illustrated leaflets in French and Wolof (the local language spoken around Dakar) on pesticide hazards, food safety and the benefits of organic and IPPM produce, aimed at consumers.
- Organise field visits for consumer representatives and policy makers to organic and IPPM farms and the weekly organic producers’ market stalls in Thies city.
Collaboration and capacity-building with Senegalese farmer associations
Developing markets for safe, healthy food in Senegal will help to strengthen the capacity and influence of PAN Africa and its farmer collaborators, by providing them with lessons and guidance from labelling and marketing experiences elsewhere. It will help farmers join forces through the setting up of the network of IPPM and organic producers, and identify possible economies of scale and collaborative supply and delivery of safe and healthy food. The project aims to support the following farmer associations in particular:
- Women’s Network for Organic Farming & Fair Trade (REFABEC) in the Thiès area
- Les Niayes Federation of Horticulture Producers (FPMN)
- Mun Takku Liggèey women farmers’ group in Les Niayes zone
- Women in Integrated Rural Development farmers’ group (FEDRI) in Les Niayes zone
AGRINAT Organic Farmers Association, based in Thiès
UK-based activities
PAN UK will support PAN Africa in this work by the following:
- Summarise and translate results and lessons from the project work in Senegal and disseminate these to a wider audience through our journal Pesticides News and via website pages on Food & Fairness and Voices from Africa.
- Collect and provide information on experiences in local consumer labelling schemes for organic and IPPM produce from other countries and in using IPPM methods.
- Collect latest research findings on pesticide residues in food and health hazards and make summaries for PAN Africa to use and disseminate.
Wider linkages and advocacy
Both PAN UK and PAN Africa will take advantage of opportunities for influencing African governments and donor agencies on the need for investment in safe, healthy food and supporting organic and IPPM farmers, in particular initiatives related to:
- the Africa Stockpiles Project (ASP) to dispose of obsolete pesticide stocks in Africa, train national NGOs, and support activities which prevent the build up of new stocks, including the promotion of IPPM strategies and organic production;
- the EU-funded PAN project Pesticides & Poverty which focuses on capacity building for African NGOs to facilitate effective implementation of international environmental and chemical conventions and agreements related to pesticides
- implementation and monitoring of the FAO International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides, which now includes new responsibilities for agrifood industry manufacturers and retailers
- Implementation and monitoring of the Common Code for the Coffee Community, aiming to mainstream environmental and social sustainability into the conventional coffee sector. PAN UK’s Food & Fairness coordinator is a member of the civil society chamber of the Council for this global initiative.
- PAN UK provision of technical advice on pesticide hazard and regulations to other food chain initiatives, including Fair Trade, Rainforest Alliance and Unilever’s Sustainable Agriculture Programme.
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